Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows your urologist to examine the lining of your bladder and the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of your body). It uses a thin, lighted instrument called a cystoscope.

Why is a Cystoscopy Performed?

A cystoscopy may be performed to:

• Investigate the cause of urinary symptoms such as blood in the urine, frequent urination, painful urination, or incontinence.
• Diagnose bladder stones, tumors, or inflammation.
• Identify blockages in the urethra or ureters.
• Perform certain treatments, such as removing bladder stones or taking a tissue sample (biopsy).
• Evaluate recurrent urinary tract infections.

Types of Cystoscopy

There are two main types of cystoscopy:

• Flexible Cystoscopy: Uses a thin, flexible cystoscope. It's typically performed in a doctor's office or outpatient clinic with local anesthesia.
• Rigid Cystoscopy: Uses a rigid cystoscope. It's often performed in an operating room under general or regional anesthesia.

What to Expect During a Cystoscopy

The procedure will vary slightly depending on the type of cystoscopy performed:

• Preparation: You may be asked to empty your bladder before the procedure. Local anesthetic gel will be applied to the urethra.
• Insertion: The cystoscope is gently inserted into the urethra and advanced into the bladder.
• Examination: Your urologist will examine the lining of your bladder and urethra. Saline solution may be instilled to distend the bladder and improve visualization.
• Procedures: If needed, small instruments can be passed through the cystoscope to perform biopsies or other treatments.
• Completion: The cystoscope is removed.

After the Cystoscopy

After the procedure, you may experience:

• Mild burning or discomfort during urination.
• Slight blood in the urine.
• Frequent urination.

These symptoms are usually temporary and should resolve within a few days. Your urologist will provide specific post-procedure instructions. Drink plenty of fluids to help flush your urinary tract.

When to Contact Your Urologist

Contact your urologist if you experience:

• Severe pain.
• Heavy bleeding.
• Fever or chills.
• Difficulty urinating.

Risks of Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is generally safe, but there are some potential risks, including:

• Infection.
• Bleeding.
• Urethral injury.
• Temporary difficulty urinating.